Directions: answer the following questions in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper.

World War I
1. Define nationalism, militarism, and jingoism.
2. List the nations that made up the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente. What nations formed the Central and Allied Powers?
3. List and describe the long term, short term, and precipitating events that led to the beginning of World War I.
4. How many people were mobilized in WWI? Injured? Killed? Based upon these figures, what were your chances of escaping both death and injury?
5. Why did Russia withdraw from World War I?
6. Who was V.I. Lenin? Who were the Bolsheviks?
7. Why did Nicholas II abdicate?
8. Identify the Provisional Government, Reds, Whites, soviets, communism.
9. What happened in the November Revolution of 1917?
10. What involvement did the Allies have in the Russian Revolution?
11. What were Woodrow Wilson’s (US) goals for the Versailles Treaty? Georges Clemenceau’s (France)? Lloyd George’s (British)? Which country influenced the peace talks the most?
12. How was Germany affected militarily and economically by the Treaty of Versailles?
13. Define mobilization, armistice, reparations, ultimatum.

Rise of Totalitarianism
1. Identify and describe the rise (and fall) of Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Joseph Stalin.
2. Describe life in a totalitarian state. Compare the Fascist and Democratic Model of Government.
3. How did Japan establish its right to rule its neighbors?
4. According to Iris Chang, how is the killing at Nanking different from the 6 million Hitler and 40 million Stalin killed during WWII?
5. What "raw resource material" (i.e. primary resources) existed for the Chang to tell the story of the Nanking massacre?
6. How did Cold War tensions permit Japan to escape the "intense critical examination" that Germany was forced to undergo?
7. Under the military dictatorship in Japan, who was made the symbol of state power?

World War II & Holocaust
1. Define isolationism, appeasement, pacifism.
2. What was the Munich Pact? Did it achieve "Peace in our time"?
3. Identify Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact.
4. Identify Lend-Lease Act.
5. What event precipitated World War II?
6. Who were the leading Allied Powers? The Axis Powers?
7. Identify "blitzkrieg," D-Day.
8. How many Soviet soldiers and citizens were killed during the war? How many were left homeless? How does the USSR's losses compare to other nations?
9. How long would it take the Russians to rebuild their country following the war?
10. Why did Japan feel it needed an "East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"?
11. Why did France and England choose appeasement?
12. Why is appeasement blamed for starting World War II?
13. Given an example of WWII propaganda art, be able to determine what type of propaganda is being used.
14. Describe three affects of the aftermath of WW2 for (a) Europe, (b) Japan, and (c) for the world.
15. Define Holocaust. Who was targeted by the Germans and why?
16. Describe the progression of events that led up to the “Final s\Solution” and the death camps in Germany.
17. What was the “Final Solution”? Wannese Conference?
18. What were the obstacles to resistance during the Holocaust?
19. Describe ways in which Jews resisted during the Holocaust.
20. Be able to label a contemporary map of Europe (see map below).

Cold War & Modern China
1. Compare Chinese political opponents (Nationalists vs. Communists) in 1945.
2. Where is the “Forbidden City” located?
3. Identify Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, NATO, Warsaw Pact.
4. Why did the Soviets cut off all access to Berlin in 1948? Who won the standoff over the Berlin Blockade? How was the crisis won?
5. What nation became communist in 1949, making fully one-fourth of the world communist?

Essay Questions:

Historiography
Question: (a) Define history and historiography. Using the documents provided, write a 5-sentence essay describing how a historian would refute those who would deny the extent of the Holocaust.

Cold War
Question: (a) Define Cold War. (b) Write a 5-sentence essay (Introduction, 3CDs, Conclusion) describing how Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of Glasnost, Perestroika, and “New Thinking” in foreign affairs ultimately triggered the break-up of the Soviet Union.

Modern China

Question: Study the cartoon above. (a) What is the artist arguing in the cartoon? What side of the U.S. - China trade debate is he taking? (b) Write a 5-sentence essay (Introduction, 3CDs, Conclusion) in support of or in opposition to the United States establishing PNTR with China based on information obtained from the US-China Trade Simulation.